Haemoptysis

Hemoptysis


Hhaemoptysis is one of the cardinal symptom in chest diseases.

Defination

Expectoration of blood from lower respiratory tract.Can be associated or admixed sputum or may be frank haemoptysis(Pure blood).

Spurious haemoptysis-blood expectoration from a source above leval of larynx.

Pseudo haemoptysis- this is colour change of expectorant due to presence of a pigment prodigiosin.this is due to a gram negative bactria serratia marcescens.

Severity of heemoptysis

Mild-less than 100 ml/day

Moderate- 100 to 150 ml/day

Severe-150 to 200 ml/day

Massive-

• Any life threatening haemoptysis

• More than 500 ml blood expectoration /day

• Or more than 150 ml/hr

• Or more than 100 ml/day for 3 days

Causes-

Infections

• Bronchitis

• TB

• Lung abscess

• Bronchiectesis

• Pneumonias

• Fungal-aspirgellosis,blasto mycosis,nocardiosis,

Malignancy

• Ca lung

• Bronchial adenoma

• Metastatic lung tumor

CVS

• MS

• PHT

• Aortic aneurysm

• A-V malformations

• Pulmonary thromboembolism

• Acute LVF

• Eisenmenger's Syndrome

Collegen vascular disorder

• wegeners granulomatosis

• Goodpastures syndrome

• Vasculitis

Trumatic

a) iterogenic- lung biopsy/TBLB/Post FOB or Rigid bronchoscpy.

b)Blunt injury



Devlopmental

• sequestration of lung (infected)

• bronchial cyst

Others

• bleeding disorder (leukemia,haemophilia)

• inhalation of toxic gases and fumes

• anticoagulants

Idiopathic